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Yarrow, known scientifically as Achillea millefolium, is a hardy perennial herb prized for its medicinal properties and attractive feathery foliage. Understanding its life cycle is essential for gardeners aiming to cultivate yarrow successfully. This article explores the stages of yarrow’s growth and provides guidance on the best times to plant.
The Life Cycle of Yarrow
Yarrow’s life cycle begins with seed germination, followed by seedling development, mature flowering, seed production, and finally, dormancy. Each stage has specific requirements and timing that influence the plant’s health and flowering potential.
Seed Germination
Yarrow seeds typically germinate in spring or early summer when soil temperatures reach around 55°F to 68°F (13°C to 20°C). To improve germination rates, lightly scarify or soak seeds before planting. Seeds should be sown on the soil surface or lightly covered, as they require light to germinate.
Seedling Development
Once germinated, yarrow seedlings develop their first true leaves within a few weeks. During this stage, it is important to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. Adequate sunlight and well-draining soil promote healthy growth.
Mature Plant and Flowering
Yarrow typically reaches maturity within one year, producing feathery, flat-topped clusters of flowers from late spring to early summer. The flowering period can last several weeks, attracting pollinators such as bees and butterflies. The plant’s deep root system allows it to withstand drought conditions.
Seed Production and Dormancy
After flowering, yarrow produces seeds in seed heads that mature by late summer or early fall. The seeds disperse naturally, ensuring the plant’s propagation. As temperatures drop and daylight decreases, yarrow enters dormancy, especially in colder climates. The plant then conserves energy until the next growing season.
When to Plant Yarrow
The best time to plant yarrow depends on your climate. In temperate regions, early spring is ideal, after the danger of frost has passed. In warmer climates, yarrow can be planted in fall for early spring growth. For starting from seed indoors, sow seeds 6-8 weeks before the last expected frost date.
Planting Seeds
- Start seeds indoors 6-8 weeks before last frost date.
- Use well-draining soil and keep it moist.
- Provide ample sunlight or grow under grow lights.
- Transplant seedlings outdoors after frost risk passes.
Planting Transplants
- Choose a sunny location with well-draining soil.
- Space plants about 12-18 inches apart.
- Water thoroughly after planting.
- Mulch to retain moisture and suppress weeds.
By understanding the yarrow’s life cycle and timing your planting accordingly, gardeners can enjoy its vibrant blooms and benefits year after year. Proper care during each stage ensures a healthy, resilient plant that enhances any garden landscape.